The talks were held under the aegis of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya and on the initiative of the United Nations Secretary General's Special Representative, Bernardino Leon.
Local media reported that delegations representing different parties will mainly focus on how to curb the deadly militant clashes now flared in different cities and on the troubled political transition.
Libya has been witnessing a frayed political process since the 2011 turmoil, which toppled former leader Muammar Gaddafi, and is now juggling two rival parliaments and governments.
According to Libya's transitional plan, the elected House of Representatives has already replaced the former interim parliament General National Congress. However, the armed alliance Libya Dawn, which achieved a series of military advances lately in the capital and backs the ex-parliament, has formed its own government against the new one, Xinhua reported.
The Libya Dawn and ex-parliament supporters were excluded from Monday's talks, as Prime Minister Abdullah Thinni said earlier that the government does not "negotiate with terrorists."