The Egyptian affiliate of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) jihadist organisation known as the "Sinai Province" claimed the attack on a Twitter account affiliated to the group.
A suicide bomber driving an explosives-laden vehicle attempted to strike the outpost on a highway between Cairo and Suez, the military spokesman said on his Facebook page.
He said the explosives-laden vehicle was destroyed and its driver killed, without giving other details.
Militants led by ISIL have stepped up attacks targeting security forces since the army's ouster of president Mohamed Mursi in July 2013.
Most of their attacks have been in the restive Sinai Peninsula, but deadly attacks have also been carried out in Cairo and other cities.
On Saturday, a car bomb attack struck the Italian consulate in Cairo killing a passer-by and wounding nine others, in the first against a foreign mission since Morsi's ouster.
That attack came days after a car bomb attack in Cairo killed the country's top state prosecutor, AFP reported.