The Interior Ministry said on Saturday that the counter-terror operation also prevented attacks on mosques, security forces and a diplomatic mission.
The announcement came after a car bomb attack claimed by ISIL militants at a checkpoint near a high security prison, killed one man and wounded two security officials on Thursday.
The Interior Ministry said that those arrested on Saturday were carrying out “schemes directed from trouble spots abroad and are aimed at inciting sectarian strife”.
The terrorist group has appealed to supporters to carry out attacks in the kingdom.
Answering the call in May, two suicide bombers killed 25 people at Shiite mosques in the country’s east. It marked one of the deadliest assaults on the kingdom in more than a decade.