Gross domestic product, adjusted for inflation, grew 1.5 percent from a year earlier in the first quarter, down from a revised growth rate of 1.8 percent in the fourth quarter of 2015. It was the slowest growth since 0.3 percent in the first quarter of 2013.
The oil sector expanded 5.1 percent in the first quarter of this year as the world's biggest oil exporter increased its production of crude and exported more refined products.
But the non-oil sector shrank 0.7 percent, its worst performance in at least five years. This may be a source of concern to Saudi policy makers because an ambitious reform plan to help the economy cope with an era of cheap oil, announced last month, assumes rapid growth in non-oil businesses.
Last December, to curb an annual budget deficit of nearly $100 billion caused by slumping oil revenues, the government announced major cuts in spending and energy subsidies. More austerity measures are expected in the next few years.
Within the non-oil part of the economy, the private sector grew 0.2 percent in the first quarter while the government sector shrank 2.6 percent, the official data reported by Reuters showed.
The weakness of the non-oil sector was partly due to the fact that the first quarter of 2015 was unusually strong; in January that year, King Salman awarded public employees two months' extra salary to mark his accession to the throne.
But the fourth-quarter 2015 growth rate of 1.8 percent was revised down sharply from an original estimate of 3.6 percent. Some analysts believe a similar revision is possible for the first-quarter figures.