"The Civil Guard at Ceuta estimates that 500 people could have succeeded in entering the town," the emergency services said on Twitter.
The Civil Guard, or paramilitary police, meanwhile told AFP that "several hundreds" crossed over and many of them were hurt, as were members of the security forces.
The last such attempt took place on New Year's Day when more than 1,000 migrants tried to jump a high double fence between Morocco and Ceuta in a violent assault that saw one officer lose an eye.
The emergency services said on Twitter that the Spanish Red Cross extended assistance to some 400 people.
Ceuta and Melilla, another Spanish territory in North Africa, have the European Union's only land borders with Africa.
They are entry points for African migrants seeking a better life in Europe, who get there by climbing the border fence, swimming along the coast or by hiding in vehicles.
The enclave has been ringed by a double wire fence that is eight kilometers (five miles) long. The six-meter (20-foot) high fence also has rolls of barbed wire.