State-run Anadolu news agency said the blast occurred around 7.50 am (0450 GMT) in the Aegean city's central Konak district and it reported an eyewitness as saying it happened right after a military vehicle had passed the area.
The explosion destroyed part of a wall between the cemetery and the military area and shattered windows in nearby buildings, the agency said, Reuters reported.
Police sealed off the area while they investigated the cause of the blast.
Kurdish and leftist militants have all carried out bomb attacks in NATO-member Turkey in the past.