The CIA declined to comment Friday night.
The Washington Post, citing people familiar with the matter, first reported the assessment, stating that the CIA made its conclusion with "high confidence."
Khashoggi, a US resident from Saudi Arabia, was a Washington Post opinion contributor critical of the crown prince's regime.
Other details of the report, including that Prince Khalid Bin Salman, brother of the crown prince, told Khashoggi in an intercepted phone call that he should go to the consulate in Istanbul to get the divorce document he was seeking, also could not be immediately confirmed.
Khashoggi was killed after he entered that consulate Oct. 2.
NBC News reported previously that Khashoggi met with Prince Khalid Bin Salman, Saudi ambassador to the US, at the Embassy in Washington months before he was killed.
That meeting came as the Saudi government was trying to lure him back to Saudi Arabia –- at first peacefully, and then through force — ending in his murder in the Istanbul consulate.
Khalid bin Salman responded to the Post's report via Twitter, "As we told the Washington Post the last contact I had with Mr. Khashoggi was via text on Oct 26, 2017. I never talked to him by phone and certainly never suggested he go to Turkey for any reason. I ask the US government to release any information regarding this claim."
And the Saudi Embassy in Washington said in a statement, "The claims in this purported assessment are false. We have and continue to hear various theories without seeing the primary basis for these speculations."
The US intelligence community believes it's unlikely that the Crown Prince could have had no connection to Khashoggi’s death.
The CIA's assessment will likely add pressure on the Trump administration to unleash further punishment on Saudi Arabia despite the president's cordial ties to the royal family there.
On Thursday, the United States announced sanctions against 17 Saudi Arabian officials in response to the killing.