The 59-year-old Argentine coach has penned a one-year contract with Persepolis.
He replaced Branko Ivankovic in Persepolis.
Calderon has worked in Saudi Arabian football teams Al-Ittihad and Al-Hilal.
He led Al-Ittihad to the 2009 AFC Champions League final, where the Saudi Arabian giant lost to Korean team Pohang Steelers 2-1.
The new Persepolis coach will have a difficult task in the popular Iranian football club since Ivankovic led Persepolis to win the Iran Professional League title three times.
Under tutelage of the Croat, Persepolis also won one Hazfi Cup and three Super Cups.