Ashraf al-Qedra, spokesman of the Health Ministry in Gaza, told reporters that 38 of them were shot and wounded by Israeli soldiers' live ammunition.
The injured Palestinians include 22 children and three women, and the Israeli soldiers targeted an ambulance that belongs to the medical services, al-Qedra said.
The clashes came as hundreds of Gazan demonstrators took part in the weekly protests, better known as the "Great March of Return" rally, in eastern Gaza.
Israeli troops have killed at least 305 Palestinians since the beginning of the rallies and wounded nearly 18,000 others, according to the Gazan Health Ministry.
In March, a United Nations (UN) fact-finding mission found that Israeli forces committed rights violations during their crackdown against the Palestinian protesters in Gaza that may amount to war crimes.
Gaza has been under Israeli siege since June 2007, which has caused a decline in living standards.
Israel has also launched three major wars against the enclave since 2008, killing thousands of Gazans each time and shattering the impoverished territory’s already poor infrastructure.