During the meeting, held on Wednesday, Zarif and the Bangladesh premier exchanged views about a range of issues, including the latest developments surrounding bilateral ties between the two countries.
Heading a high-ranking delegation, Zarif left Tehran for Dhaka on Tuesday afternoon to hold talks with senior officials of the country.
The Iranian top diplomat will also attend the third IORA Blue Economy Ministerial Conference, which will be held in Dhaka on September 4-5.
He will later travel to Jakarta for talks with top Indonesian officials.
Speaking in the Russian capital of Moscow on Monday, Zarif had said that he would pay official visits to Bangladesh and Indonesia after returning to Tehran.