"Unbeknownst to almost everyone, the major Taliban leaders and, separately, the President of Afghanistan, were going to secretly meet with me at Camp David on Sunday," Trump said in one of a series of tweets on Saturday evening.
"They were coming to the United States tonight. Unfortunately, in order to build false leverage, they admitted to an attack in Kabul that killed one of our great soldiers, and 11 other people. I immediately cancelled the meeting and called off peace negotiations," Trump added, Xinhua news agency reported.
Referring to the Taliban that claimed responsibility for the attack, Trump said: "If they cannot agree to a ceasefire during these very important peace talks ... then they probably don't have the power to negotiate a meaningful agreement anyway."
Trump's tweets came as the United States and the Taliban were close to a deal, which is expected to end the over-18-year-old US war in Afghanistan.
It was still unclear if Trump was calling a permanent halt to the peace negotiations.
Both the Taliban militants and the Afghan government forces have intensified operations in the war-torn country recently.