Australia's foreign minister, Marise Payne, called for an international investigation into the origins and spread of the virus, joining a chorus of concern over how China tackled the virus that emerged in its central city of Wuhan last year.
Since then the virus has caused nearly 2.4 million infections and more than 160,000 deaths worldwide, paralyzing life and business in major cities.
In Beijing, a foreign ministry spokesman said Payne's remarks were "entirely without factual basis," adding that questioning China's transparency was unfounded and showed a lack of respect for the sacrifices of its people, Reuters reported.
"China expresses deep concern and resolute opposition to this," Geng Shuang told reporters during a daily briefing.
Australia's call comes amid rising criticism in recent weeks from the United States, including President Donald Trump, who said on Saturday that China should face consequences if it was "knowingly responsible" for the pandemic.
On Monday, China's National Health Commission reported 12 new infections, taking the mainland's tally to 82,747, while the death toll stood unchanged at 4,632.