He has penned an 18-month contract with the Iranian team for an undisclosed fee.
The 32-year-old defender is Esteghlal's first signing in the January transfer.
Silva helped Esteghlal win title in the 2021-22 season and also was part of the team who won the Super Cup.
Esteghlal, headed by Javad Nekounam, is a candidate to win Iran football league in the current season.