He has penned a three-year deal with the Russian team.
Taheri took part in a trial at Rubin during the winter training camp and even scored a goal for the Kazan-based team in a friendly match.
The striker played for the Sepahan youth team and participated in the U-17 World Cup as part of the Iranian national team, where he demonstrated his talent.
He has played 15 matches and scored six goals for the Iranian youth team.
Taheri had also been linked with a move to CSKA Moscow.