The exercises were not targeted at any third party or in response to any current international situations, according to a post on the ministry's website, Reuters reported.
The two countries held talks on missile defense and strategic stability last month and held artillery and anti-submarine drills in the Sea of Japan in August.
Russia and China signed a "no-limits" strategic partnership shortly before the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war in 2022, pledging to conduct regular military exercises to rehearse coordination between their armed forces.
Both countries have expressed concern over US President Donald Trump's plans to build a "golden dome" missile shield and his stated intention to resume nuclear weapons testing after a break of more than 30 years.