In a post on X, the US Capitol Police stated that the protesters, who had gathered in the rotunda of the Cannon House Office Building, were arrested for "Crowding, Obstructing or Incommoding."
The agency noted that it is against the law to demonstrate in congressional buildings.
According to NPR, the protest was organized by Jewish Voice for Peace, which describes itself as "the largest progressive Jewish anti-Zionist organization in the world."
In a statement, the organization claimed that 400 people were arrested, including more than a dozen rabbis.
The demonstration occurred a day before Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who is facing criticism both domestically and internationally, is set to address a joint meeting of Congress.
Netanyahu is also scheduled to meet with President Biden on Wednesday and Vice President Harris later this week.
Protest organizers criticized Netanyahu's meetings with US officials.