He limped out of Chelsea’s Champions League win over Dinamo Zagreb on Wednesday night.
The full-back has battled through injury over the past 18 months in order to get himself fit for both club and country, and had been slowly finding form for Chelsea ahead of the tournament in Qatar, which begins in less than three weeks on November 20.
But Chilwell appeared to be holding his hamstring as he was helped from the pitch by Chelsea medics at the end of their 2-1 victory at Stamford Bridge.
England is scheduled to meet Iran on November 21 in Group B.