The attack took place early Tuesday from the direction of the Mediterranean Sea, west of the coastal city of Latakia, causing material damage to the airport's runway, and taking it out of service.
Earlier, Syrian media reported that the country's air defenses intercepted Israeli missiles and shot down several of them.
The Aleppo International Airport is a major portal for foreign planes carrying humanitarian aid to the victims of the country's recent earthquake.
This Israeli strike follows an earlier one in February that hit the Syrian capital and residential areas around it, including the Kafr Sousa neighborhood in central Damascus and Tal al-Masih near the city of Shahba, killing five people and injuring fifteen others.
Israel has been a main supporter of terrorist groups fighting against the government of President Bashar al-Assad since the start of the Syrian conflict in 2011.
The Tel Aviv regime often violates Syrian sovereignty by targeting military positions, especially those of the Hezbollah resistance movement, which has played a key role in supporting the Syrian army. Syria has repeatedly complained to the UN about Israeli aggression, but their calls have gone unanswered.