Published in the journal Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, a review paper by Taiwanese researchers summarizes the current state of knowledge on nanotechnology with application to stem cell biology. (The term “nanotechnology” refers to the design, construction, generation and use of nanoscale (1-100 nm structures or materials).
Stem cells are considered an important potential source for repairing damaged human tissues. Researchers have found that the adhesion, growth, and differentiation of stem cells are likely controlled by their surrounding microenvironment, which contains both chemical and physical cues. These cues include the “nanotopography” of the complex extracellular matrix or architecture that forms a network for human tissues.
In their review paper, Yang-Kao Wang and colleagues describe studies showing how this nanotopography (which includes nanosized pores, grooves, ridges, etc.) plays important roles in the behavior and fate of stem cells. The authors also discuss the application of nanoparticles to stem cell isolation, tracking and imaging; how to translate nanotechnology from two to three dimensions; and the potential limitations of using nonmaterial in stem cell biology.
The paper concludes that “understanding (the) interactions of nonmaterial with stem cells may provide knowledge applicable to (the development of improved) cell-scaffold combinations in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.”