He has joined the Blues until the end of the season.
The 29-year-old player had most recently played in the Saudi Arabian club Al-Faisaly.
Silva started his playing career in his homeland club Rio Preto in 2010.
Esteghlal, who is looking to win the Iran league title after nine years, signed Silva as one of replacements for Mohammad Hossein Moradmand and Siavash Yazdani, who were forced to leave the team due to military service.